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Operators are symbols or keywords that instruct the JavaScript engine to take certain actions. The addition (+) sign, for example, instructs the JavaScript engine to add two variables or values, whereas the equal-to (==), greater-than (>), or less-than () symbols instruct the JavaScript engine to compare two variables or values, and so on.

A value or operand can be manipulated by an operator. Operators are used on operands to accomplish specialized mathematical and logical operations. To put it another way, an operator controls the operands. Operators are used in JavaScript to compare values, perform arithmetic operations, and so on.

JavaScript, like other languages, has operators. An operator is a program that performs an operation on a single or more operands (data values) and returns a result. In 1 + 2, for example, the + sign is an operator, and 1 is the left side operand and 2 is the right side operand. The + operator combines two numeric values and returns the result.

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Arithmetic operator

An arithmetic operator accepts numerical values as operands (either literals or variables) and returns a single numerical value. Addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), and division (/) are the standard arithmetic operators. When used with floating point numbers, these operators behave similarly to those used in most other programming languages (in particular, note that division by zero produces Infinity).

In addition to the standard arithmetic operations (+, -, *, /), JavaScript provides the following arithmetic operators:

Operator	Operator Name	Description
+	Addition	The addition operator computes the numerical sum of two numeric operands. It also joins two strings or numbers.
-	Subtraction	The subtraction operator returns the numerical value of the difference between two operands.
*	Multiplication	The multiplication operator returns the product of two operands, one multiplicand and one multiplier.
/	Division	The division operator returns the quotient of its operands, where the divisor is on the right and the dividend is on the left.
%	Modulus (Remainder)	When a dividend is divided by a divisor, the modulus operator yields the remainder. The residual operator is another name for the modulus operator. It adopts the dividend symbol.
**	Exponentiation (ES2016)	The result of the exponentiation operator is to raise the first operand to the power of the second operand. Exponentiation is a right-associative operator.
++	Increment	The increment operator increases its operand and returns a value.
--	Decrement	The decrement operator decrements its operand (subtracts one from it) and returns a value.
-	Unary	This is a unary operator, which means it only has one operand. It returns the inverse of an operand.
+	Unary	This is a method for converting a non-number to a number. Although unary negation (-) can also convert non-numbers, unary plus is the quickest and most preferred method of converting something into a number because it does not perform any additional operations on the number.

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Assignment operator

The equal (=) operator assigns the value of the right-hand operand to the left-hand operand. If a = b, the value of b is assigned to a.

A variable is assigned a value using the simple assignment operator. The assigned value is evaluated by the assignment process. It is possible to chain the assignment operator to assign a single value to multiple variables.

Operator	Meaning	Name	Description
a+=b	a=a+b	Addition	This operator adds the right operand's value to a variable and assigns the result to the variable. The behavior of the addition assignment operator is determined on the types of the two operands. It is possible to add or concatenate. If concatenation is used, the string is used as an operand.
a-=b	a=a-b	Subtraction	Subtracts the right operand's value from a variable and assigns the result to the variable.
a*=b	a=a*b	Multiplication	This operator multiplies the value of the right operand by a variable and assigns the result to the variable.
a/=b	a=a/b	Division	This operator divides a variable by the right operand's value and assigns the result to the variable.
a%=b	a=a%b	Remainder	This operator divides a variable by the right operand's value and assigns the remainder to the variable.
a**=b	a=a**b	Exponentiation	This operator elevates a variable's value to the power of the argument on the right.
a<<=b	a=a<<b	Left Shift	This operator shifts the number of bits supplied to the left and assigns the result to the variable.
a>>=b	a=a>>b	Right Shift	This operator shifts the number of bits supplied to the right and assigns the result to the variable.
a&=b	a=a&b	Bitwise AND	This operator takes the binary representations of both operands and performs a bitwise AND operation on them before assigning the result to a variable.
a|=b	a=a|b	Bitwise OR	This operator takes both operands' binary representations, performs a bitwise OR operation on them, and assigns the result to a variable.
a^=b	a=a^b	Bitwise XOR	This operator takes both operands' binary representations, performs a bitwise XOR operation on them, and assigns the result to the variable.

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String operator

In addition to the comparison operators that may be used to string values, the concatenation operator (+) joins two string values, yielding another string that is the union of the two operand strings.

Operator	Description	Example	Result
+	Concatenation	str1 + str2	Concatenation of str1 and str2
+=	Concatenation assignment	str1 += str2	Appends the str2 to the str1

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Incrementing and Decrementing operator

The increment (++) operator increases its operand (adds one to it) and returns the value before or after the increment, depending on where the operator is inserted.

Depending on where the operator is used, the decrement (--) operator decrements (subtracts one from) its argument and returns the value before or after the decrement.

Operator	Name	Description
++x	Pre-increment	Increments x by one, then returns x
x++	Post-increment	Returns x, then increments x by one
--x	Pre-decrement	Decrements x by one, then returns x
x--	Post-decrement	Returns x, then decrements x by one

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Comparison operator

A comparison operator compares its operands and returns a logical value based on the result of the comparison. Numerical, string, logical, or object values can be used as operands. Strings are compared using Unicode values and conventional lexicographical ordering. If the two operands are not of the same type, JavaScript will usually try to convert them to an acceptable type for the comparison.

This behavior usually leads to a numerical comparison of the operands. The === and !== operators, which conduct rigorous equality and inequality comparisons, are the only exceptions to type conversion within comparisons. Before testing equality, these operators do not attempt to transform the operands to compatible types.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
==	Equal	x == y	True if x is equal to y
===	Identical	x === y	True if x is equal to y, and they are of the same type
!=	Not equal	x != y	True if x is not equal to y
!==	Not identical	x !== y	True if x is not equal to y, or they are not of the same type
<	Less than	x < y	True if x is less than y
>	Greater than	x > y	True if x is greater than y
>=	Greater than or equal to	x >= y	True if x is greater than or equal to y
<=	Less than or equal to	x <= y	True if x is less than or equal to y

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Logical operator

When logical operators are employed with Boolean (logical) values, they yield a Boolean value. However, because the && and || operators return the value of one of the given operands, they may produce a non-Boolean value if used with non-Boolean values. The logical operators are listed in the table below.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
&&	And	x && y	True if both x and y are true
||	Or	x || y	True if either x or y is true
!	Not	!x	True if x is not true